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          STL_deque容器
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        <h3 id="一、deque简介"><a href="#一、deque简介" class="headerlink" title="一、deque简介"></a>一、deque简介</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque是“double-ended queue”的缩写，和vector一样都是STL的容器，deque是双端数组，而vector是单端的。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque在接口上和vector非常相似，在许多操作的地方可以直接替换。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque可以随机存取元素（支持索引值直接存取， 用[]操作符或at()方法）。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<strong>deque头部和尾部添加或移除元素都非常快速。</strong>但是在中部安插元素或移除元素比较费时。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;#include &lt;deque&gt; </p>
<img src="/myblog/myblog/2021/05/07/STL%EF%BC%9Adeque%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8/1.png" alt="image-20210124101431485" style="zoom: 50%;">

<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<strong>原理：</strong></p>
<img src="/myblog/myblog/2021/05/07/STL%EF%BC%9Adeque%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8/2.png" alt="image-20210124101954916" style="zoom:50%;">

<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;Deque容器是连续的空间，至少逻辑上看来如此，连续现行空间总是令我们联想到array和vector,array无法成长，vector虽可成长，却只能向尾端成长，而且其成长其实是一个假象，事实上(1) 申请更大空间 (2)原数据复制新空间 (3)释放原空间 三步骤，如果不是vector每次配置新的空间时都留有余裕，其成长假象所带来的代价是非常昂贵的。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;Deque是由一段一段的定量的连续空间构成。一旦有必要在deque前端或者尾端增加新的空间，便配置一段连续定量的空间，串接在deque的头端或者尾端。Deque最大的工作就是维护这些分段连续的内存空间的整体性的假象，并提供随机存取的接口，避开了重新配置空间，复制，释放的轮回，代价就是复杂的迭代器架构。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;既然deque是分段连续内存空间，那么就必须有中央控制，维持整体连续的假象，数据结构的设计及迭代器的前进后退操作颇为繁琐。<strong>Deque代码的实现远比vector或list都多得多</strong>。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;Deque采取一块所谓的map(注意，不是STL的map容器)作为主控，这里所谓的map是一小块连续的内存空间，其中每一个元素(此处成为一个结点)都是一个指针，指向另一段连续性内存空间，称作缓冲区。缓冲区才是deque的存储空间的主体。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<strong>与vector的差异：</strong></p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;Deque容器和vector容器最大的差异，一在于deque允许使用常数项时间对头端进行元素的插入和删除操作。二在于deque没有容量的概念，因为它是动态的以分段连续空间组合而成，随时可以增加一段新的空间并链接起来，换句话说，像vector那样，”旧空间不足而重新配置一块更大空间，然后复制元素，再释放旧空间”这样的事情在deque身上是不会发生的。也因此，deque没有必须要提供所谓的空间保留(reserve)功能。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;虽然deque容器也提供了Random Access Iterator，但是它的迭代器并不是普通的指针，其复杂度和vector不是一个量级，这当然影响各个运算的层面。因此，除非有必要，<strong>我们应该尽可能的使用vector，而不是deque</strong>。<strong>对deque进行的排序操作，为了最高效率，可将deque先完整的复制到一个vector中，对vector容器进行排序，再复制回deque</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="二、deque对象的构造"><a href="#二、deque对象的构造" class="headerlink" title="二、deque对象的构造"></a>二、deque对象的构造</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque采用模板类实现，deque对象的默认构造形式：deque&lt;T&gt; deqT; </p>
<ul>
<li><p>deque &lt;int&gt; deqInt;       //一个存放int的deque容器。</p>
</li>
<li><p>deque &lt;float&gt; deqFloat;   //一个存放float的deque容器。</p>
</li>
<li><p>deque&lt;string&gt; deqString;   //一个存放string的deque容器。           </p>
</li>
<li><p> //尖括号内还可以设置指针类型或自定义类型。 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque(beg, end);//构造函数将[beg, end)区间中的元素拷贝给本身。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque(n, elem);//构造函数将n个elem拷贝给本身。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque(const deque &amp;deq);//拷贝构造函数。</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; d1;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; <span class="title">d2</span><span class="params">(<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; <span class="title">d3</span><span class="params">(d2.begin(), d2.end())</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; <span class="title">d4</span><span class="params">(d3)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="三、deque末尾的添加移除操作"><a href="#三、deque末尾的添加移除操作" class="headerlink" title="三、deque末尾的添加移除操作"></a>三、deque末尾的添加移除操作</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.push_back(elem);  //在容器尾部添加一个数据</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.push_front(elem); //在容器头部插入一个数据</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.pop_back();        //删除容器最后一个数据</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.pop_front();      //删除容器第一个数据</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqInt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">7</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">pop_front</span>();</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">pop_front</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_front</span>(<span class="number">11</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_front</span>(<span class="number">13</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">pop_back</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//deqInt &#123; 13,11,5&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="四、deque的数据存取"><a href="#四、deque的数据存取" class="headerlink" title="四、deque的数据存取"></a>四、deque的数据存取</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.at(idx); //返回索引idx所指的数据，如果idx越界，抛出out_of_range。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque[idx]; //返回索引idx所指的数据，如果idx越界，不抛出异常，直接出错。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.front();  //返回第一个数据。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.back();  //返回最后一个数据     </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqInt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">7</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">9</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> iA = deqInt.<span class="built_in">at</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);        <span class="comment">//1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> iB = deqInt[<span class="number">1</span>];           <span class="comment">//3</span></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">at</span>(<span class="number">0</span>) = <span class="number">99</span>;           <span class="comment">//99</span></span><br><span class="line">deqInt[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="number">88</span>;         <span class="comment">//88</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> iFront = deqInt.<span class="built_in">front</span>();    <span class="comment">//99</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> iBack = deqInt.<span class="built_in">back</span>();    <span class="comment">//9</span></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">front</span>() = <span class="number">77</span>;         <span class="comment">//77</span></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">back</span>() = <span class="number">66</span>;         <span class="comment">//66</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="五、deque与迭代器"><a href="#五、deque与迭代器" class="headerlink" title="五、deque与迭代器"></a>五、deque与迭代器</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.begin(); //返回容器中第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.end(); //返回容器中最后一个元素之后的迭代器。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.rbegin(); //返回容器中倒数第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.rend();  //返回容器中倒数最后一个元素之后的迭代器。 </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqInt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">7</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">9</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt;::iterator it=deqInt.<span class="built_in">begin</span>(); it!=deqInt.<span class="built_in">end</span>(); ++it)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; *it;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1 3 5 7 9</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt;::reverse_iterator rit=deqInt.<span class="built_in">rbegin</span>(); rit!=deqInt.<span class="built_in">rend</span>(); ++rit)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; *rit;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//9 7 5 3 1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="六、deque的赋值"><a href="#六、deque的赋值" class="headerlink" title="六、deque的赋值"></a>六、deque的赋值</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.assign(beg,end);  //将[beg, end)区间中的数据拷贝赋值给本身。注意该区间是左闭右开的区间。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.assign(n,elem); //将n个elem拷贝赋值给本身。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque&amp; operator=(const deque &amp;deq);  //重载等号操作符</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.swap(deq); // 将vec与本身的元素互换 </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqIntA,deqIntB,deqIntC,deqIntD;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">7</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">9</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntB.<span class="built_in">assign</span>(deqIntA.<span class="built_in">begin</span>(),deqIntA.<span class="built_in">end</span>());   <span class="comment">// 1 3 5 7 9</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntC.<span class="built_in">assign</span>(<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">8</span>);                         <span class="comment">//8 8 8 8 8</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntD = deqIntA;                          <span class="comment">//1 3 5 7 9</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntC.<span class="built_in">swap</span>(deqIntD);                      <span class="comment">//互换</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="七、deque的大小"><a href="#七、deque的大小" class="headerlink" title="七、deque的大小"></a>七、deque的大小</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.size();     //返回容器中元素的个数</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.empty();   //判断容器是否为空</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.resize(num);  //重新指定容器的长度为num，若容器变长，则以默认值填充新位置。如果容器变短，则末尾超出容器长度的元素被删除。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.resize(num, elem); //重新指定容器的长度为num，若容器变长，则以elem值填充新位置。如果容器变短，则末尾超出容器长度的元素被删除。      </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqIntA;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqIntA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> iSize = deqIntA.<span class="built_in">size</span>(); <span class="comment">//3</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (!deqIntA.<span class="built_in">empty</span>())</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    deqIntA.<span class="built_in">resize</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);      <span class="comment">//1 3 5 0 0</span></span><br><span class="line">    deqIntA.<span class="built_in">resize</span>(<span class="number">7</span>,<span class="number">1</span>); 	<span class="comment">//1 3 5 0 0 1 1</span></span><br><span class="line">    deqIntA.<span class="built_in">resize</span>(<span class="number">2</span>);      <span class="comment">//1 3</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="八、deque的插入"><a href="#八、deque的插入" class="headerlink" title="八、deque的插入"></a>八、deque的插入</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.insert(pos,elem);  //在pos位置插入一个elem元素的拷贝，返回新数据的位置。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.insert(pos,n,elem);  //在pos位置插入n个elem数据，无返回值。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.insert(pos,beg,end);  //在pos位置插入[beg,end)区间的数据，无返回值。 </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqA;</span><br><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt; deqB;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">7</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">9</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqB.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqB.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqB.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">6</span>);</span><br><span class="line">deqB.<span class="built_in">push_back</span>(<span class="number">8</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">insert</span>(deqA.<span class="built_in">begin</span>(), <span class="number">11</span>);        <span class="comment">//&#123;11, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">insert</span>(deqA.<span class="built_in">begin</span>()+<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">33</span>);     <span class="comment">//&#123;11,33,33,1,3,5,7,9&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line">deqA.<span class="built_in">insert</span>(deqA.<span class="built_in">begin</span>() , deqB.<span class="built_in">begin</span>() , deqB.<span class="built_in">end</span>() ); <span class="comment">//&#123;2,4,6,8,11,33,33,1,3,5,7,9&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="九、deque的删除"><a href="#九、deque的删除" class="headerlink" title="九、deque的删除"></a>九、deque的删除</h3><p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.clear();  //移除容器的所有数据</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.erase(beg,end); //删除[beg,end)区间的数据，返回下一个数据的位置。</p>
<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;deque.erase(pos);  //删除pos位置的数据，返回下一个数据的位置。 </p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//删除区间内的元素</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//deqInt是用deque&lt;int&gt;声明的容器，现已包含按顺序的1,3,5,6,9元素。</span></span><br><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt;::iterator itBegin=deqInt.<span class="built_in">begin</span>()+<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt;::iterator itEnd=deqInt.<span class="built_in">begin</span>()+<span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">erase</span>(itBegin,itEnd);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//此时容器deqInt包含按顺序的1,6,9三个元素。 </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//假设 deqInt 包含1,3,2,3,3,3,4,3,5,3，删除容器中等于3的元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(deque&lt;<span class="keyword">int</span>&gt;::iterator it=deqInt.<span class="built_in">being</span>(); it!=deqInt.<span class="built_in">end</span>(); )  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//小括号里不需写 ++it	</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(*it == <span class="number">3</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        it = deqInt.<span class="built_in">erase</span>(it);    </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//以迭代器为参数，删除元素3，并把数据删除后的下一个元素位置返回给迭代器。</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//此时，不执行 ++it； </span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ++it;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//删除deqInt的所有元素</span></span><br><span class="line">deqInt.<span class="built_in">clear</span>();         <span class="comment">//容器为空</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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